Wednesday, 16 November 2011

ESL_L 1


Vowels

A         E          I           O         U

Consonants

B          C         D         F          G         H         J           K
L          M         N         P          Q         R          S          T
V         W        X         Y         Z


ä sound
ë sound
e sound
ï sound
o sound
yü sound
r sound
z sound
A
B
F
I
O
Q
R
Z
H
C
L
Y

U


J
D
M


W


K
E
N






G
S






P
X






T







V







Short & long vowel

AEIOU are the vowels

Each vowel can make a sound a short and a long

If there is only one vowel in a word then it will make the short sound

If there are two vowels , then the first one will make the long sound and the second one will make a short sound or be quite

The word cap has only one vowel a hense it makes its short sound
The word cape has two vowels a makes the long sound and the second one e stays silent
The word get has only one vowel e hense it makes its short sound
The word read has two vowels so the first vowel e makes the long sound and the second vowel a stays silent

If there is only one vowel in a word then it makes the short sound



Whole Numbers also known as Cardinal Numbers - used for counting
Symbol             Word  
0                                  Nought
1                                  One     
2                                  Two    
3                                  Three  
4                                  Four    
5                                  Five     
6                                  Six      
7                                  Seven
8                                  Eight    
9                                  Nine    
10                                Ten     
11                                Eleven 
12                                Twelve
13                                Thirteen           
14                                Fourteen          
15                                Fifteen 
16                                Sixteen
17                                Seventeen        
18                                Eighteen          
19                                Nineteen          
20                                Twenty
21                                Twenty-one ... 
30                                Thirty  
40                                Forty   
50                                Fifty    
60                                Sixty    
70                                Seventy           
80                                Eighty  
90                                Ninety 
100                              One hundred   
101                              One hundred and one ...          
102                              One thousand  
1,000,000                    One million
1,000,000,000,000      One billion

Ordinal Numbers - used for ranking
In figures          In words
1st                    the first
2nd                  the second       
3rd                   the third           
4th                   the fourth
5th                   the fifth
6th                   the sixth
7th                   the seventh      
8th                   the eighth         
9th                   the ninth           
10th                 the tenth          
11th                 the eleventh     
12th                 the twelfth        
13th                 the thirteenth    
14th                 the fourteenth   
15th                 the fifteenth      
16th                 the sixteenth     
17th                 the seventeenth
18th                 the eighteenth   
19th                 the nineteenth
20th                 the twentieth    
21st                  the twenty-first  ...
22nd                the twenty-second        ...
23rd                 the twenty-third            ...
24th                 the twenty-fourth          ...
25th                 the twenty-fifth  ...
26th                 the twenty-sixth            ...
27th                 the twenty-seventh        ...
28th                 the twenty-eighth          ...
29th                 the twenty-ninth            ...
30th                 the thirtieth       
40th                 the fortieth       
50th                 the fiftieth         
60th                 the sixtieth       
70th                 the seventieth   
80th                 the eightieth     
90th                 the ninetieth     
100th               the hundredth   
101st                the hundred and first     ...
1000th              the thousandth 

Ordinal numbers are often used in fractions:-Fractions
Symbol Word  
1/8                   One eighth       
1/5                   One fifth          
1/4                   One quarter     
3/4                   Three quarters 
1/3                   One third         
2/3                   Two thirds       
1/2                   One half

What to say

 We often say "a" instead of "one".
 For example when we have the numbers 100 or 1/2 we say "A hundred" or "A half".

 For example:
11/2 - "One and a half."
When pronouncing decimals we use the word point to represent the dot. The numbers following the dot are pronounced separately.

 For example:

 When you have the number 1.36 we say "One point three six."


 Interesting Numbers

 ~ 0 ~

What could possibly be interesting about nothing?

Try writing the numbers zero ( 0 ) through nine ( 9 ).

 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Then write how many numbers you have counted:-

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Yes, ten numbers, without using the number 10.

You can put as many noughts in front of a number without changing the value of that number:-

01, 002, 0003, 00004 ...

 In English 10, 20, 30, through to 90 are 1 ten, 2 tens, 3 tens, etc.

Also there are a number of ways you can say 0 in English.         When we use it             For example:-
0 = oh after a decimal point      9.02 = "Nine point oh two."
            in bus or room numbers            Rooom 101 = "Room one oh one."
 Bus 602 = "Bus six oh two."
            in phone numbers          9130472 = "Nine one three oh four seven two."
            in years             1906 = "Nineteen oh six."
0 = nought        before a decimal point   0.06 = "Nought point oh six."
0 = zero           in temperature   -10°C = "10 degrees below zero."
            US English for the number         0 = "Zero"
0 = nil   in football         Chelsea 2 Manchester United 0 = "Chelsea two Manchester United nil."
0 = love            in tennis            20 - 0 = "Twenty love."


~ 12 ~

The number 12 is often represented as a dozen and the number 6 as a half dozen.

 For example:
 12 eggs= "A dozen eggs."
 6 eggs = "Half a dozen eggs."

~ 13 ~
A dozen is 12, but a baker's dozen is 13, because in the past bakers who were caught shortchanging customers could be liable to severe punishment, so they used to add an extra bread roll to make up the weight.


~ 100 ~

A century is 100. The roman numeral for 100 is C, for centum.

One hundred is the basis of percentages (literally "per hundred"). 100% is the full amount of something.

~ 1 billion ~

When is a billion not a billion?

In British English billion  traditionally means a million million = 1,000,000,000,000 = 1012

 In American English billion  means a thousand million = 1,000,000,000 = 109

The American billion has become standard in technical and financial use.

However, to avoid confusion it is better to use the terms "thousand million" for 109 and "million million" for 1012.

Milliard " is French for the number 109. It is not used in American English but is sometimes, but rarely, used in British English.
Letters as Numbers
~ k ~

The letter k is often used to denote a thousand. So, 1k = 1,000.

If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of £12k it means £12,000.00.

~ m ~

The letter m is often used to denote a million. So, 1m = 1,000,000.

If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of £12m, apply for it!

~ bn ~

The letters bn denote a billion. So, 1bn is usually 1,000,000,000 (see above).

If you see a job advertised and it offers a salary of £12bn, it's probably a missprint.
myriad

The word myriad used to mean 10,000. Nowadays it's used to refer to a countless number or multitude of specified things.

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